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The increasing prevalence of overweight in children and adults around the world continually presents our healthcare systems with new economic, prevention, and therapeutic challenges. Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, 18 % of children and adolescents between 5 and 19 worldwide were overweight, 6 % of girls and 8 % of boys were obese. At the age of 18, percentiles switch to the corresponding risk-related BMI limit values for adults as a transition to definitions for different age groups. Normal weight lies between the 10th and 90th BMI-percentile. +2 SD-score) and extreme obesity 99.5th, while the cut-off for underweight is the 10th BMI-percentile. +1 SD-score), the obesity value exceeds the 97th percentile (approx. The WHO classifies the nutritional status based on the body mass index into underweight (BMI 90th percentile (approx. Overweight and obesity are among the major health problems of the 21st century. Further investigations with larger study populations are needed to promote effective childhood obesity prevention and examine the differences regarding obesity prevalence and leisure-time activity between rural and urban areas. Our results confirm the necessity of preventive interventions among Austrian preschoolers and lead to a better understanding of their free-time activities. A positive correlation of age and organized exercise was observed but not with physical activity per se. BMI was not associated with free-time activities but showed a trendwise negative correlation with organized exercise. In the selected areas, 7 % of preschoolers were overweight, 3.9 % were obese. Preschoolers from the urban area spent fewer hours practicing organized exercise and more in sedentary behaviors than peers in the rural area. Time trend in media consumption amounts to one-third of the cumulative time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors.
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Preschool children spent approximately as many hours of their free-time engaged in physical activity as in sedentary behaviors. Data on sedentary behavior time (sedentary activity and media consumption) and physical activity time (defined as organized or spontaneous exercise) were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Free-time activity and socio-economic data were asked using a self-administered questionnaire. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Preschool children (n=130) attending nurseries in these regions were included. Urban (Vienna) and rural (Carinthia) regions of Austria were chosen for this observational cross-sectional study. The potential impact of socio-economic factors on BMI was examined. Additionally, we investigated the potential correlation between duration and habits of free-time activity or place of residence and age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). This study primarily aimed to evaluate the average time children (3-5 years) from rural and urban Austrian regions spent engaging in physical activity and sedentary behaviors in their free-time. Prevention in early childhood is paramount to stop this alarming trend. The number of overweight people rises due to lifestyle changes, increased sitting activities, and less physical activity. The increasing prevalence of obesity is among the most relevant healthcare issues in Europe.